The Garo Language: A Journey Through Time and Culture

Languages are more than just words—they are the essence of a people’s culture, identity, and history. One such language is Garo, known as ‘A·chik’ to its native speakers, spoken primarily by the indigenous Garo community in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya, parts of Assam, and neighboring areas of Bangladesh.

With over a million speakers, the Garo language carries within it centuries of tradition, folklore, and a deep connection to the land.

Let’s explore the rich history, notable figures, and the efforts being made to preserve this invaluable linguistic heritage. Languages hold within them the stories, culture, and history of a people. The Garo language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, like many languages of Northeast India. It has a rich oral tradition, with much of its folklore, stories, and songs passed down from generation to generation. But in recent times, written forms of Garo have become prominent too, especially with its introduction in educational institutions.

Now, let’s talk about some key figures who have contributed to the preservation and growth of the Garo language.

Rev. Ramke W. Momin was a pioneering figure in the development of Garo literature. His translations of religious texts, especially the Bible into Garo, played a significant role in giving the language a written form. His work laid the foundation for future scholars and writers to build upon.
Pa Togan Sangma is another revered figure in Garo history. While primarily remembered as a warrior who led the Garo people in resistance against British colonisation, his leadership extended beyond the battlefield. He understood the importance of preserving Garo traditions, and his advocacy for the Garo way of life contributed to the language’s cultural significance.
In terms of literature, we can’t overlook the contributions of writers and poets like Milton Sangma and Dr. M.S. Sangma. They not only created educational texts but also produced Garo poetry and stories that captured the essence of their people’s spirit.

Did you know that Garo is one of the official languages of Meghalaya?

It’s taught in schools across the state and is even used in the state’s radio and television broadcasts. However, like many indigenous languages, Garo faces the threat of gradual decline, especially in urban areas where English and Hindi dominate. But the passion to preserve this language remains strong.

What’s truly remarkable is the efforts from the Garo people themselves to keep the language alive. There are community-driven language initiatives, cultural programs, and festivals that celebrate Garo traditions, ensuring the language remains relevant for future generations.

Let me share a heartwarming story with you. Meet Bina Sangma, a young Garo woman who, after spending years in a big city, returned to her hometown in Meghalaya. She realized she had drifted away from her roots and could no longer speak her mother tongue fluently. Her journey to relearn Garo wasn’t just about rediscovering a language—it was about reconnecting with her family, culture, and a sense of belonging.

Bina’s story is a reflection of what many young Garos experience today. But her dedication also shows that it’s never too late to return to one’s linguistic roots

The Garo language is more than just words; it’s a living, breathing testament to the strength and resilience of the Garo people. While it faces challenges like many indigenous languages, there is hope—hope in the form of individuals and communities who are working tirelessly to keep it alive. After all, when a language thrives, so does its culture, its stories, and its people.

So, next time you hear someone speak Garo, remember-it’s not just a language; it’s a window into a vibrant culture with a history that stretches back centuries.